The Man Who Closed the Asylums by John Foot

Author:John Foot
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Verso

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1Fulvio Marone, ‘La psichiatria alternativa italiana’, La psicoanalisi. Rivista del campo Freudiano 25, January–June 1999, p. 102.

2Marcello Flores and Alberto De Bernardi, Il Sessantotto, Bologna: Il Mulino, 2003, p. 226.

3Patrizia Guarnieri, La storia della psichiatria. Un secolo di studi in Italia, Florence: Olschki Editore, 1991, p. 25.

4Agostino Pirella, ‘Franco Basaglia, o della critica pratica alla psichiatria istituzionale’ in Diego Giachetti, ed., Per il Sessantotto. Studi e ricerche, Bolsena: Massari Editore/CDP, 1998, p. 120. A longer version of this article can be found in Vinzia Fiorino, ed., Rivoltare il mondo, abolire la miseria. Un itinerario dentro l’utopia di Franco Basaglia. 1953–1980, Pisa: Edizioni ETS, 1994, pp. 27–40.

5The theme of Maoism has rarely been cited with regard to the Basaglias and the movement as a whole, but it was clearly important at the time, both in terms of the language used and in the sense of some of the theoretical and political concepts utilized. See for an analysis of the idea of the ‘cultural revolution’ in 1968, Robert Lumley, States of Emergency. Cultures of Revolt in Italy from 1968 to 1978, London: Verso, 1990, pp. 119–43 as well as Antonio Slavich himself, La scopa meravigliante. Preparativi per la legge 180 a Ferrara e dintorni 1971–1978, Rome: Riuniti, 2003, pp. 258, 266–7. See also Jervis on the lessons of the ‘cultural revolution’, Il buon rieducatore, p. 128.

6Antonio Slavich, ‘Creare quattro, cinque, novantaquattro Gorizie’, Fogli d’informazione 27/28, January–February 1976, pp. 1–6.

7Julian Bourg, From Revolution to Ethics. May 1968 and Contemporary French Thought, London: McGill-Queens University Press, 2007, p. 108.

8Lumley, States of Emergency, p. 136.

9Bourg, From Revolution to Ethics, p. 48.

10Giovanni Jervis, Manuale critico di psichiatria, 10th ed., 1980 (1975), p. 18. See also the rest of the caustic analysis by Jervis, pp. 11–25 (and in particular p. 21). Jervis drew a useful distinction here between a ‘critique of psychiatry’ and ‘critical psychiatry’, pp. 18–19.

11Ibid., p. 22.

12For many of these aspects of 1968, and its memory, see the brilliant work of Luisa Passerini, Autoritratto di gruppo, Florence: Giunti, 2008. Women did play a strong role in Gorizia, including women patients, as well as, of course, Franca Ongaro and Letizia Comba Jervis. But it was men who dominated the movement as a whole, and in particular Psichiatria Democratica. In part, this was a reflection of Italy itself. There were very few qualified female psychiatrists at the time in Italy.

13Flores and De Bernardi, Il Sessantotto, p. xv. One of these myths (and a counter-negative myth) is linked to Basaglia himself. See Benedetto Saraceno, ‘Franco Basaglia. Una teoria e una pratica per la trasformazione’, Sapere 851, November–December 1982, p. 3.

14Arthur Marwick, The Sixties. Cultural Revolution in Britain, France, Italy and the United States, c.1958–c.1974, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998, pp. 313–4.

15See Michael Staub, Madness Is Civilization: When the Diagnosis Was Social, 1948–1980, Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 2011, pp. 167–94.

16John Foot, ‘Looking back on Italy’s ‘Long “68”. Public, Private and Divided Memories’ in Ingo Cornils and Sarah Waters, eds, Memories of 1968. International Perspectives, Oxford: Peter Lang, 2011, pp.

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